|
George Aloysius Frederick (December 16, 1842 – August 17, 1924) was a German-American architect with a practice in Baltimore, Maryland, where his most prominent commission was the Baltimore City Hall (1867–75), awarded him when he was only twenty-one. He had apprenticed with a Baltimore architectural partnership of Lind & Murdoch,〔Mary Ellen Hayward, Frank R. Shivers, Richard Hubbard Howland, ''The Architecture of Baltimore: An Illustrated History'' 2004:147.〕 architects of the Peabody Institute. He designed structures for Baltimore's Druid Hill Park, purchased for the city in 1860, and designed by Howard Daniels, Baltimore Park Commissioners' landscape designer and John H.B. Latrobe,〔John Hazlehurst Boneval Latrobe (1803-1891), though a son of the famous American architect Benjamin Latrobe, was a lawyer, whose design supervision must have been general.〕 who designed the gateways to the park and the alterations made to the early-19th century Nicholas Rogers mansion that already stood in the site. Druid Hill Park ranks with Central Park in New York, begun in 1859, and Fairmount Park in Philadelphia as the oldest landscaped public parks in the United States. Among Frederick's playful structures for Druid Hill in Moorish and Chinese styles is the Chinese Station erected in 1864〔(Baltimore Parks )〕 and the Moorish Station,〔J. Dorsey and J.D. Dilts, ''A Guide to Baltimore Architecture'' (3rd edition), Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, MD (1997:298 ((on-line illustration )).〕 which were stops on a narrow-gauge railroad that once wound through the park. The commission for the Baltimore City Hall was awarded after a design competition to Frederick, a complete unknown and not quite twenty, in the fateful year 1860. The Civil War intervened, and construction finally got under way in 1867. Frederick's design looked to the new additions to the Palais du Louvre, completed under Hector Lefuel in 1857, and well publicized to professionals and architects alike through engravings, lithographs and description; its high Mansard roofs, bold corner pavilions, richly framed dormers are reflected in Frederick's City Hall,〔Mary Ellen Hayward, Frank R. Shivers, Richard Hubbard Howland, ''The Architecture of Baltimore: An Illustrated History'' :186-89.〕 above which rises the central dome, high, above an interior rotunda high. Twin interior courts provided every room with natural light. Well launched by the City Hall, which influenced the design of every ambitious commercial building in Baltimore for more than a decade, Frederick went on to design the premises of the major German-American newspaper ''The German Correspondent'', completed in 1869 on a prominent corner lot on Baltimore Avenue; it had three main floors and an attic behind French mansards, with a marble-clad facing with Venetian-Gothic windows. The German Orphan Asylum (1873) was another German-American commission. In 1868 Frederick was a founder of the Baltimore chapter of the American Institute of Architects. ==References== *Chalkley, Tom. "Built to Last." ''Charmed Life''. City Paper, Baltimore, 10 November 1999. *Dorsey, John and James D. Dilts. ''A Guide to Baltimore Architects.'' 3rd Edition. Centreville, MD: Tidewater Publishers, 1997. *Frederick, George A. "Recollections of George A. Frederick." 1912. Maryland Historical Society *"Frederick, George Aloysius." ''The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography being the History of the United States.'' Vol. IX. New York: James T. White & Company, 1899. p. 334. *"George A. Frederick." ''Baltimore Architecture Foundation.'' 18 Oct. 2007 () *George A. Frederick. Biography. Maryland State Archives. () *"George Aloysius Frederick." Baltimore Architects. ''The Sun'', Baltimore, 22 September 1954. *Giza, Joanne and Catharine F. Black. "Cylburn." ''Great Baltimore Houses: An Architectural and Social History.'' Baltimore: Maclay & Associates, 1982. p. 79-81. *Hayward, Mary Ellen and Frank R. Shivers, Jr. ''The Architecture of Baltimore: An Illustrated History.'' Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. *Jones, Carleton. ''Lost Baltimore Landmarks: A Portfolio of Vanished Buildings.'' Baltimore, MD: Maclay & Associates, Inc., 1982. *Perlman, Bennard B. “The City Hall, Baltimore.” ''Maryland Historical Magazine.'' Maryland Historical Society. Vol. XLVII. no. 1. March 1952. p. 40-54. *"Poe's Grave." The Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore. 2 January 2001. *"The Cator Prints: City Hall, Now & Then." Enoch Pratt Free Library. () *Withey, Henry F. and Elsie Rathburn Withey. ''Biographical Dictionary of American Architects (Deceased).'' Los Angeles: Hennessey & Ingalls, Inc., 1970. p. 220-221. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George A. Frederick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|